The medical specialty pertaining to bone disorders is ORTHOPEDICS.

Fritzell P, Hagg O, Jonsson D, Nordwall A (2004) Cost-effectiveness of lumbar fusion and nonsurgical treatment for chronic low back pain in the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group. Spine, 29(4): 421-34; discussion Z3.

, , , , , .The perceptions of people with low back pain treated in the Spanish National Health, and their experience while undergoing a new evidence based treatment. A focus group study . 2014;36(20):1713-22.

No less than 30mm on the spine margin and 20mm on the other sides.

Abdu WA, Lurie JD, Spratt KF, et al. Degenerative Spondylolisthesis. Does Fusion Method Influence Outcome? Four-Year Results of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial. Spine 2009;34:2351–2360.

Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C, Hildebrandt J, Klaber-Moffett J, Kovacs F, et al. Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J 2006 Mar;15 Suppl 2:S192-300

The Spine Journal, 4: 281-286, 2004.

Pratzel HG, Alken RG, Ramm S (1996) Efficacy and tolerance of repeated oral doses of tolperisone hydrochloride in the treatment of painful reflex muscle spasm: results of a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Pain, 67(2-3): 417-25.

Kuijpers T, van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Ostelo R, Verhagen A, Koes BM, van Tulder MW
A systematic review on the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for chronic non-specific low-back pain Eur. J. Spine 2011 Enero, 20 (1) : 40-50.

Cervical Spine Listhesis, - Determinant attributes

Ohtori S , Miyagi M , Eguchi Y , Inoue G , Orita S, Ochiai N, Kishida S , Kuniyoshi K , Nakamura J, Aoki Y, Ishikawa T, Arai G , Kamoda H, Suzuki M , Takaso M , Furuya T, Toyone T, Takahashi K. Epidural Administration of Spinal Nerves With the Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitor, Etanercept, Compared With Dexamethasone for Treatment of Sciatica in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. A Prospective Randomized Study. Spine 2012 ; 37 : 439 – 444

Topic: Phd Thesis Spine Team – 264718 - …

Lutze M, Stendel R, Vesper J, Brock M (1997) Periradicular therapy in lumbar radicular syndromes: methodology and results. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 139(8): 719-24.

Guide for authors - The Spine Journal - ISSN 1529-9430

Benoist M, Boulu P, Hayem G. Epidural steroid injections in the management of low-back pain with radiculopathy: an update of their efficacy and safety. Eur Spine J. 2012 Feb;21(2):204-13. Epub 2011 Sep 16.

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Riew KD, Yin Y, Gilula L, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Lauryssen C, Goette K (2000) The effect of nerve-root injections on the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain. A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 82-A(11): 1589-93.

Death Penalty Thesis Statement Examples | ThesisPanda

Rose MJ, Reilly JP, Pennie B, Bowen-Jones K, Stanley IM, Slade PD (1997) Chronic low back pain rehabilitation programs: a study of the optimum duration of treatment and a comparison of group and individual therapy. Spine, 22(19): 2246-51; discussion 52-3.

Thesis - Cervical Spine Assessment

Mitchell RI, Carmen GM (1994) The functional restoration approach to the treatment of chronic pain in patients with soft tissue and back injuries. Spine, 19(6): 633-42.